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\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u00a0<strong>Top10\u00a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u00a0Top100\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 HPC \u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong>\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u5206\u6790\u5728 Top500 \u4e2d\u4ece\u4e8b\u4f20\u7edf\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08HPC\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u56fe 1 \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u622a\u81f3 2021 \u5e74 11 \u6708\u5168\u7403 Top500 \u6392\u540d\u4e2d Top10\uff08\u56fe 1a\uff09\u548c Top100\uff08\u56fe 1b\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"418\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.cloud500.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2691\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u56fe 1 \u53ef\u89c1\uff0cTop10 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u62ec NVIDIA \u7684 InfiniBand \u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\uff0860%\uff09\u3001Cray \u7684 Slingshot \u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\uff0810%\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9a\u5236\/\u4e13\u6709\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5982 Tofu D\u3001Sunway \u548c TH Express\uff0830%\uff09\u3002\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684 Fugaku \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9a\u5236\u7684 Tofu D \u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e94\u7684 Taihu Light \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9a\u5236\u7684 Sunway \u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e03\u7684 Tianhe 2 A \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9a\u5236\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc TH Express-2\u3002\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684 Summit \u548c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e09\u7684 Sierra \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Mellanox EDR InfiniBand\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u516d\u7684 Selene\u3001\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u516b\u7684 JUWELS Booster Module\u3001\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7684 HPC5 \u548c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u5341\u7684 Voyager-EUS2 \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f Mellanox HDR InfiniBand\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u540d\u7684 Perlmutter \u91c7\u7528 Cray \u7684\u5b9a\u5236\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc Slingshot-10\u3002\u5728 Top10 \u548c Top100 \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aInfiniBand\uff0864%\uff09\u3001Cray\uff0814%\uff09\u3001Omni-Path\uff0813%\uff09\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Tofu D\u3001Sunway\u3001TH Express\u3001BXI \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9a\u5236\u6216\u4e13\u6709\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\uff087%\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca 25 Gbps \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff082%\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe 2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ece Top100 \u6269\u5c55\u5230 Top500 \u65f6\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u5206\u5e03\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7edf\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5728 Top500 \u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u7387\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u672f\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a HPC \u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d1f\u62c5 InfiniBand\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u613f\u820d\u5f03\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u3001\u4e91\u6784\u5efa\u8005\u548c HPC\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c Linpack\u3002\u5728 Top500 \u699c\u5355\u7684\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c<strong>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\u7684 10 Gbps \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u975e\u5e38\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u5728 2021 \u5e74\u7684\u699c\u5355\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6570\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86 240 \u53f0\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u6570\u7684\u8fd1 50%\u3002<\/strong>InfiniBand \u5728 Top500 \u699c\u5355\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5176\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u4ece Top100 \u7684 64% \u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u6574\u4e2a Top500 \u7684 34%\u3002\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u548c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c\u7f51\u5361\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08RDMA\uff09\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u5e03\u7f6e\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 InfiniBand \u66f4\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b<sup>16<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"535\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.cloud500.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/2-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2692\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e Top500 \u699c\u5355\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08HPC\uff09\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff08AI\uff09\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002\u672a\u6765\uff0cHPC \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u627f\u8f7d AI \u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002\u622a\u81f3 2021 \u5e74 11 \u6708\uff0cTop10 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e91\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3 AI\u3001HPC \u548c\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740 HPC \u6b63\u5728\u52a0\u901f\u4e0e AI \u548c\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u878d\u5408\u3002\u5728 Top10 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709 8 \u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e86 NVIDIA \u6280\u672f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u52a0\u901f<strong>\uff0c\u800c Top500 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709 342 \u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528 NVIDIA \u6280\u672f\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec 70% \u7684\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/strong>\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684 HPC \u4e2d\u5fc3\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528 AI\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7ee7\u7eed\u91c7\u7528 NVIDIA \u7684 AI\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u81ea 2020 \u5e74 11 \u6708\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 InfiniBand \u7684\u4e0a\u699c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 20%<sup>16<\/sup>\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001HPC \u548c\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bf9\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0cInfiniBand \u5df2\u6210\u4e3a Top500 \u7684\u9996\u9009\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8868 1 \u603b\u7ed3\u4e86 2021 \u5e74 11 \u6708 Top10 \u699c\u5355\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3001\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u3001\u53cc\u5411\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u57fa\u6570\u3001\u65f6\u5ef6\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3002&#8221;N\/A&#8221;\u8868\u793a\u672a\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u7cbe\u786e\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"697\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.cloud500.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2693\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6839\u636e Top500 \u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5178\u578b\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.1 InfiniBand&nbsp;ICN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7531 NVIDIA \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 InfiniBand \u4e92\u8fde\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<strong>\u622a\u81f3 2021 \u5e74 11 \u6708\uff0cTop500 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709 33.6% \u91c7\u7528 InfiniBand \u4e92\u8fde\u3002<\/strong>\u5728 Top10 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u540d\u7684 Summit \u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u540d\u7684 Sierra \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Mellanox EDR InfiniBand\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u516d\u540d\u7684 Selene\u3001\u7b2c\u516b\u540d\u7684 JUWELS Booster Module\u3001\u7b2c\u4e5d\u540d\u7684 HPC5 \u548c\u7b2c\u5341\u540d\u7684 Voyager-EUS2 \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Mellanox HDR InfiniBand\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>InfiniBand \u4e92\u8fde\u67b6\u6784<sup>4<\/sup>\u91c7\u7528\u9ad8\u901f\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8282\u70b9\u3002<strong>\u8be5\u4e92\u8fde\u7cfb\u7edf\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e3b\u673a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5e73\u53f0\u3002<\/strong>InfiniBand \u7684\u6700\u5927\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u652f\u6301\u901a\u4fe1\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5378\u8f7d\u3002\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u548c RDMA \u4f20\u8f93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u5e27\u548c\u673a\u67dc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0cInfiniBand \u8fd8\u5177\u5907\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684 InfiniBand \u8bbe\u5907\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u884c\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5546\u7528\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0cInfiniBand&nbsp;\u5c06\u9ad8\u901f&nbsp;SerDes&nbsp;\u5e26\u5bbd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u4ee3\u9645\u7279\u5f81<sup>18<\/sup>\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7 Quad Data Rate (QDR)\u3001Fourteen Data Rate (FDR)\u3001Enhanced Data Rate (EDR)\u3001High Data Rate (HDR)\u548c Next Data Rate (NDR)\u7b49\u51e0\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u540e\uff0cInfiniBand \u6301\u7eed\u671d\u7740\u9ad8\u7aef\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u652f\u6301 40 Gbps\u300156 Gbps\u3001100 Gbps\u3001200 Gbps \u548c 400 Gbps \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0cHDR \u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a InfiniBand \u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u914d\u7f6e\u3002HDR \u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5355\u94fe\u901f\u7387\u4e3a 50 Gbps\u3001\u5355\u7aef\u53e3\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e3a 200 Gbps\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u5f02\u6784\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6839\u636e 2021 \u5e74 11 \u6708\u7684 Top500&nbsp;\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0cTop10&nbsp;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709 4 \u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 InfiniBand HDR \u4e92\u8fde\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u672a\u6765 HPC \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06 SerDes \u6807\u51c6\u5347\u7ea7\u5230 NDR\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u9053\u9002\u914d\u5668\uff08HCA\uff09ConnectX-7 \u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a Quantum-2 \u5df2\u7ecf\u652f\u6301 NDR InfiniBand 400 Gbps \u4e92\u8fde<sup>18\u201320<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u9053\u9002\u914d\u5668\u65b9\u9762\uff0cNVIDIA ConnectX-7 \u63d0\u4f9b\u8d85\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001400 Gbps \u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u642d\u8f7d\u521b\u65b0\u7684 NVIDIA \u7f51\u5185\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3 HPC\u3001AI \u548c\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4e91\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bf9\u52a0\u901f\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u529f\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8be5\u9002\u914d\u5668\u652f\u6301\u5355\u7aef\u53e3\u6216\u53cc\u7aef\u53e3\u7684 400 Gbps \u6216 200 Gbps\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u516b\u82af\u5c0f\u578b\u63d2\u62d4\u5149\u6a21\u5757\uff08OSFP\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cc\u7aef\u53e3 200 Gbps\uff08\u91c7\u7528\u56db\u8fdb\u5236\u5c0f\u578b\u53ef\u63d2\u62d4\uff08QSFP\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\uff09<sup>19<\/sup>\u3002\u5b83\u517c\u5bb9 PCIe 5.0 \u00d7 32\u3001PCIe \u00d71\u3001\u00d72\u3001\u00d74\u3001\u00d78 \u548c \u00d716 \u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u53ef\u8fbe 330-370 Mps\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6700\u82db\u523b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u6700\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cConnectX-7 \u8fd8\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86 Mellanox \u7684 Multi-Host\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6700\u591a\u8fde\u63a5\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a<sup>19<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u56fe 3 \u6240\u793a<sup>21<\/sup>\uff0cSummit\uff08\u6392\u540d\u7b2c 2\uff09\u548c Sierra\uff08\u6392\u540d\u7b2c 3\uff09\u5728 fat-tree \u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 EDR InfiniBand \u4e92\u8fde\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 fat-tree \u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cSierra \u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8fc7 2:1 \u7684\u7f29\u51cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u51cf\u5c0f fat-tree\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ea4\u6362\u5668\u548c TOR \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u91c7\u7528 1:2 \u7684\u7f29\u51cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002TOR\uff08\u673a\u67b6\u9876\u90e8\uff09\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ea4\u6362\u5668\u5747\u4f7f\u7528 Mellanox EDR InfiniBand \u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u8be5\u8bbe\u5907\u6709 36 \u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5355\u7aef\u53e3\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e3a 100 Gbps\u3002EDR InfiniBand \u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8def\u7531\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u5927\u6570\u636e\u548c AI \u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b NVMe\uff08\u975e\u6613\u5931\u6027\u5185\u5b58\u8868\u8fbe\uff09\u7206\u53d1\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11 CPU \u5728\u8bbf\u95ee NVMe \u65f6\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5bf9 CPU \u7684\u5e72\u6270\u3002Fat-tree \u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8fc7\u9694\u79bb\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u533a\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5197\u4f59\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u4ecd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd<sup>17<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e92\u8fde\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u5c42 MPI \u901a\u4fe1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e93\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"407\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.cloud500.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2694\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Top10 \u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5206\u522b\u662f Selene\uff08\u6392\u540d\u7b2c 6\uff09\u3001JUWELS Booster Module\uff08\u6392\u540d\u7b2c 8\uff09<sup>22<\/sup>\u3001HPC5\uff08\u6392\u540d\u7b2c 9\uff09\u548c Voyager-EUS2\uff08\u6392\u540d\u7b2c 10\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5747\u91c7\u7528\u4e86 200 Gbps \u7684 HDR InfiniBand \u4e92\u8fde\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7 fat-tree \u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86 NVIDIA \u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u52a0\u901f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u6c47\u805a\u548c\u5f52\u7ea6\u534f\u8bae\uff08SHARP\uff092.0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08RDMA\uff09\u548c MPI \u805a\u5408\u901a\u4fe1\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u4fdd\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8ba1\u7b97\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002JUWELS Booster \u7531 936 \u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u642d\u8f7d 4 \u4e2a NVIDIA A100 GPU\u3002JUWELS Booster \u7684 InfiniBand \u7f51\u7edc\u91c7\u7528\u4e86 dragonfly + \u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u603b\u5171 48 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u7ec4\uff08cell\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u7684 fat-tree \u62d3\u6251\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e24\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 10 \u4e2a\u53f6\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c 10 \u4e2a\u810a\u690e\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u603b\u5171 40 Tbps \u7684\u53cc\u5411\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a JUWELS Booster \u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u7684 48 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5185\uff0c\u5305\u542b 10 \u4e2a\u4e00\u7ea7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c 10 \u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u603b\u94fe\u63a5\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u7b2c 20 \u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u8868\u793a\u4e0e JUWELS \u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6 19 \u4e2a\u5916\u5411\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u94fe\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u5143<sup>23<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u622a\u81f3 2021 \u5e74 11 \u6708\u7684 Top500 \u699c\u5355\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u5176\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff08AI\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u6301\u7eed\u91c7\u7528 NVIDIA \u7684 AI\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002\u5728 Top500 \u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u4e2d\uff0cInfiniBand \u7684\u4efd\u989d\u5360 34%\uff0c\u5171\u6709 168 \u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4e0e 2020 \u5e74 11 \u6708\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 InfiniBand \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 20%\uff0c\u800c Mellanox Spectrum \u548c Spectrum-2 \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u5347\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e3a 148 \u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 NVIDIA \u5728 Top500 \u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e86 63.2% \u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d<sup>16<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u5c06 InfiniBand \u7528\u6237\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7528\u6237\u805a\u96c6\u5728 Top500 \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86 NVIDIA \u4e3a\u4f55\u613f\u610f\u6295\u8d44 69 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u6536\u8d2d Mellanox\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0cInfiniBand \u5df2\u6210\u4e3a Top500 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9996\u9009\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.2 Omni-Path&nbsp;ICN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u7684 Omni-Path \u4e92\u8fde\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5728 Top500 \u699c\u5355\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709 8.4% \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u7684 Omni-Path \u4e92\u8fde\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6392\u540d\u7b2c 23 \u7684 SuperMUC-NG \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2015 \u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86 Omni-Path Architecture\uff08OPA\uff09\u89c4\u8303<sup>7<\/sup>\u3002Omni-Path \u662f\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u5728\u524d\u4e24\u4ee3 Xeon \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u501f\u9274\u4e86 Cray \u7684 Aries<sup>24<\/sup>\u548c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u7684 True Scale<sup>25<\/sup>\u67b6\u6784\u3002True Scale \u5229\u7528\u4e86 InfiniBand \u67b6\u6784<sup>26<\/sup>\uff0c\u800c Intel OPA \u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u501f\u9274\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684 API \u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a Performance Scaled Messaging\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u8fd1\u5f15\u5165\u7684 OpenFabrics Alliance \u7684 Open Fabrics Initiative\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u5e03\u7ebf\u63a5\u53e3\uff08HFI\uff09\u786c\u4ef6 \/ \u8f6f\u4ef6\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u521b\u5efa\u4f4e\u963b\u6297\u63a5\u53e3<sup>27<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3 HFI \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206 fabric \u534f\u8bae\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5668 CPU \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5176\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201conload \u6a21\u578b\u201d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u7ea7\u522b\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u901a\u9053\u6269\u5c55\u5bf9\u865a\u62df\u901a\u9053\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97 HFI \u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u5141\u8bb8\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u5305\u62a2\u5360\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\u5927\u5c0f\uff088K\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u4f20\u8f93\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5728\u7d27\u5bc6\u8026\u5408\u7684 MPI \u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6296\u52a8<sup>7<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u6027\u96c6\u6210\u5230 CPU \u4e2d\uff0cOmni-Path \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 Xeon \u5904\u7406\u5668\u540c\u6784\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e26\u6765\u8d85\u9ad8\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e92\u8fde\u6027\u80fd\u3002OPA \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u964d\u4f4e\u4e92\u8fde\u6210\u672c\u548c\u529f\u8017\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e92\u8fde\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u8282\u70b9\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u901a\u4fe1\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8 MPI \u6d88\u606f\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u53ef\u4f38\u7f29\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea0\u9519\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u56fe 4 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86 OPA \u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u5361\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<sup>7<\/sup>\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5361\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97 \/ \u670d\u52a1 \/ \u7ba1\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6784\u5efa\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u76d1\u89c6\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e0e InfiniBand \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cOPA \u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u5378\u8f7d\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5185\u6838\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"718\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.cloud500.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2695\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>OPA \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u4ea7\u54c1<sup>28<\/sup>\u652f\u6301\u5355\u7aef\u53e3 100 Gbps EDR \u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u517c\u5bb9 InfiniBand \u4e0a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e3b\u673a\u7ec4\u7f51\u63a5\u53e3\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a WFR\uff08Wolf River\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u82af\u7247\u7684\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a PRR\uff08Prairie River\uff09\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u82af\u7247 WFR \u652f\u6301\u5355\u7aef\u53e3 100 Gbps EDR \u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u4e2a EDR \u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528 PCle3.0\u00d716\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0 160 Mps \u7684\u6d88\u606f\u901f\u7387\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u82af\u7247 PRR \u63d0\u4f9b 48 \u4e2a EDR \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6d88\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u901f\u7387\u7ea6\u4e3a 195 M\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7ea6\u4e3a 100~110\u00a0\u7eb3\u79d2\u3002\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8be5\u82af\u7247\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u524d\u5411\u7ea0\u9519\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u4f20\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ea0\u9519\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728 25 Gbps \u901f\u7387\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\u4e2d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e 50 Gbps \u7f51\u7edc\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u80dc\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u8d2d\u4e70\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u578b\u53f7\u3001\u4e3b\u677f\u578b\u53f7\u548c\u4e13\u7528\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0cOmni-Path \u6700\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u8ba4\u53ef\u30022019 \u5e74\u5e95\uff0cIntel \u5ba3\u5e03\u505c\u6b62\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3 Omni-Path \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86 Omni-Path \u4ea7\u54c1\u7ebf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cCornelis \u5728 2021 \u5e74 7 \u6708\u6536\u8d2d\u4e86 IP \u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u53d1\u3002Omni-Path \u67b6\u6784\u6b63\u5bfb\u6c42\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765<sup>29<\/sup>\u3002Cornelis \u6b63\u5728\u5bf9 OPA100 \u4ea7\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a Omni-Path Express\uff08OPX\uff09\u3002Omni-Path Express \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e92\u8fde\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u8d62\u5f97\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u4e4b\u6218<sup>30<\/sup>\u3002Cornelis Networks \u63d0\u4f9b\u9762\u5411 HPC\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff08HPDA\uff09\u548c AI \u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0cCornelis \u4ecd\u5728\u9500\u552e\u7531\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u5f00\u53d1\u7684 Omni-Path 100 Gbps (OPA100) \u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u5212\u5728 2022 \u5e74\u5e95\u63a8\u51fa 400 Gbps \u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u5728 2023 \u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002OPA400 \u4ea7\u54c1\u5c06\u652f\u6301 200 Gbps \u7684\u5206\u53c9\u3002\u5728 Cornelis Omni-Path \u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u5148\u8fdb\u7684 800 Gbps \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<sup>29<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.3 Cray&nbsp;ICN&nbsp;<\/strong>Top500 \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u7531 Cray \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5360 Top500 \u7684 7.4%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c\u4e94\u540d\u7684 &#8220;Perlmutter&#8221; \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Cray \u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u4ea7\u54c1\u5305\u62ec Seastar<sup>31<\/sup>\u3001Gemini<sup>32<\/sup>\u3001Aries<sup>33,34<\/sup>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f Slingshot<sup>35<\/sup>\u3002\u5728 Top100 \u4e2d\uff0cCray \u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u91c7\u7528 Slingshot \u6280\u672f\u7684 &#8220;Perlmutter&#8221; \u673a\u5668\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u53f0\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3 &#8220;Aries&#8221; \u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u622a\u81f3 2021 \u5e74 11 \u6708\uff0cTop100 \u4e2d\u6709\u4e94\u53f0 Slingshot \u673a\u5668\u548c\u4e5d\u53f0 Aries \u673a\u5668\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c<strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5ba3\u5e03\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u5f02\u6784\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08EI Capitan\u3001Frontier \u548c Aurora\uff09\u90fd\u5c06\u91c7\u7528 Slingshot \u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gemini \u662f Cray \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 Seastar \u539f\u6709&nbsp;Jaguar\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Cray XT \u7cfb\u5217\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u4e92\u8fde\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u8fbe 10 \u4e07\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9<sup>32<\/sup>\u3002Gemini \u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e Cray \u7684\u65b0 Jaguar \u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Cray XK6 \u7cfb\u5217\uff09\u3001Blue Waters \u7cfb\u7edf\u548c Titan\u3002\u5728 Cray \u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f Aries \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002Aries \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u96c6\u6210\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u82af\u7247\u7d27\u5bc6\u8026\u5408\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u5f00\u653e 64 \u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u4f4e\u7f51\u7edc\u76f4\u5f84\u7684 dragonfly \u62d3\u6251\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 2019 \u5e74\uff0cCray \u653e\u5f03\u4e86 Gemini \u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u7d27\u5bc6\u8026\u5408\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u82af\u7247\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f Slingshot\u3002Slingshot \u662f Cray \u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e94\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c<strong>Slingshot \u5728\u6807\u51c6 Ethernet \u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/strong>Cray \u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cHPC Ethernet\u201d\u3002Slingshot \u5c06\u4e13\u6709\u7684 HPC \u7f51\u7edc\u4f18\u52bf\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u7684 Ethernet \u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cSlingshot \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6 Ethernet \u534f\u8bae\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u652f\u6301\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u201cHPC Ethernet\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u534f\u5546\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301 HPC \u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cSlingshot \u4ee5\u6807\u51c6 Ethernet \u7684\u901a\u7528\u4f18\u52bf\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e Slingshot \u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\uff0cCray \u5728 2020 \u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a Rosetta \u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u5176\u4ea4\u6362\u5bb9\u91cf\u9ad8\u8fbe 12.8 Tbps\u3002\u8be5\u82af\u7247\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5e73\u94fa\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4e86 256 \u4e2a 56 Gbps SerDes \u5757\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8109\u51b2\u5e45\u5ea6\u8c03\u5236\uff08PAM-4\uff09\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7aef\u53e3\u8fbe\u5230 64200 Gbps\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u603b\u5e26\u5bbd\u53ef\u8fbe 25.6 Tbps<sup>35<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0cCray \u91c7\u7528\u4e86 Slingshot \u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u4f46 Slingshot \u4e92\u8fde\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982 dragonfly\u3001flattened butterfly \u548c fat-tree\u3002\u9009\u62e9 dragonfly \u62d3\u6251\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6210\u672c\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5149\u7f06\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u672c\u3002\u636e Cray \u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u9ad8\u8fbe 90% \u7684\u7535\u7f06\u91c7\u7528\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u94dc\u7f06\uff0c\u800c\u5149\u7f06\u4ec5\u5360 10%\u3002Slingshot \u4e92\u8fde\u4e0d\u4ec5\u521b\u65b0\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cSlingshot \u6700\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5728\u4e8e\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8fc5\u901f\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u62e5\u585e\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Slingshot \u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u91c7\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u4ea4\u6362\u65f6\u5ef6\u4e0e InfiniBand \u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u4ecb\u4e8e 300-400 \u7eb3\u79d2\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u4ea4\u6362\u65f6\u5ef6\u4e3a 350 \u7eb3\u79d2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5305\u542b 150 \u7eb3\u79d2\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7ea0\u9519\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u503c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684 450 \u7eb3\u79d2\u4ea4\u6362\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6709\u7740\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347<sup>35<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"437\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.cloud500.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2696\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.4 Tofu\u00a0ICN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tofu ICN \u662f\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08RIKEN\uff09\u548c\u5bcc\u58eb\u901a\u516c\u53f8\u8054\u5408\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u7684 K Computer<sup>36<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684 Fu- gaku \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u540d\u4e3a Tofu D \u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9a\u5236\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5728 Top500&nbsp;\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684 Fugaku \u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e86 Tofu D \u4e92\u8fde\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u7840\u662f K Computer \u7684 Tofu \u7f51\u7edc<sup>10,37<\/sup>\u3002Tofu D \u4e92\u8fde\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7247\u4e0a\u7f51\u7edc\uff08NoC\uff09\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001Tofu \u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\u6a21\u5757\u4ee5\u53ca PCle \u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210 CPU \u8ba1\u7b97\u6838\u5fc3 A64FX\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe 7<sup>10<\/sup>\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 A64FX \u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u56fe\u3002A64FX \u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec 4 \u4e2a CMG\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7ec4\uff09\u3001\u516d\u4e2a TNI\uff08Tofu \u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u642d\u8f7d\u6709 20 \u4e2a 28 Gbps \u6570\u636e\u901f\u7387\u7aef\u53e3\u7684 Tofu \u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e 6D-Torus \u7684 Tofu-D \u7247\u4e0a ICN\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a CMG \u5305\u542b 12 \u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6838\u5fc3\u548c 1 \u4e2a\u8f85\u52a9\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u90fd\u4ee5\u201cc\u201d\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u7269\u7406 6D \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5730\u5740\u7531\u516d\u7ef4\u5750\u6807 X\u3001Y\u3001Z\u3001A\u3001B \u548c C \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d A \u548c C \u5750\u6807\u53ef\u4e3a 0 \u6216 1\uff0cB \u5750\u6807\u53ef\u4e3a 0\u30011 \u6216 2\u3002X\u3001Y \u548c Z \u5750\u6807\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5f53 1 \u8f74\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5750\u6807\u76f8\u5dee 1\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6 5 \u8f74\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u76f8\u90bb\u201d\u5e76\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u8f74\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u73af\u72b6\u65f6\uff0c\u8f74\u4e0a\u5750\u6807\u4e3a 0 \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u5750\u6807\u503c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8f74 A \u548c C \u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7f51\u683c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8f74 B \u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u73af\u72b6\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9 6D \u7f51\u683c \/ \u73af\u72b6\u7f51\u7edc\u6709 10 \u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f74 X\u3001Y\u3001Z \u548c B \u5404\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u8f74 A \u548c C \u5404\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3<sup>38<\/sup>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a 6 \u4e2a\u5e73\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b 54.4 Gbps \u7684\u94fe\u8def\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 22 \u4e2a 28.06 Gbps \u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5f62\u7f51\u7edc\u7aef\u53e3<sup>10<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"905\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.cloud500.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2697\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee3 K \u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86 80%\u3002\u5728\u865a\u62df\u7684 3D Torus\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b 6 \u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u62d3\u6251\u611f\u77e5\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528 6 \u6761\u901a\u4fe1\u94fe\u8def\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6ce8\u5165\u5e26\u5bbd\u8fbe\u5230 326.4 Gbps\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b 490 \u7eb3\u79d2\u7684\u5355\u5411\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684 I\/O \u91c7\u7528 PCle Gen3\u00d716 \u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u63a5\u3002A64FX \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e CPU \u7d27\u5bc6\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\u5230 I\/O \u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86 I\/O \u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0 IC \u5de5\u827a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cTofu D \u4e92\u8fde\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 Tofu Barrier \u7684\u5378\u8f7d\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u65e0\u9700 CPU \u5e72\u9884\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u805a\u5408\u901a\u4fe1\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.5 THExpress\/Sunway&nbsp;ICN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3b\u8981\u6709 Dawning\u3001Sun- way \u548c Tianhe\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cDawning E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7b97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u91c7\u7528\u4e86 200 GB \u7684 6D \u73af\u72b6\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800c Sunway \u548c Tianhe \u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u82af\u7247<sup>38<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tianhe \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7531\u56fd\u9632\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u53d1\u7684 TH Express ICN<sup>12-14<\/sup>\u3002TH Express \u7531\u4e24\u5757 ASIC \u82af\u7247\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4e00\u5757\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u82af\u7247\uff08NIC\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u673a\u63a5\u53e3\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u901a\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u5757\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\u5668\u82af\u7247\uff08NRC\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8fde\u62d3\u6251\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Tianhe E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7b97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531 512 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u8fbe\u5230 400 Gbps\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe 7 \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6 fat tree \u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u652f\u6301 10 \u4e07\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 5 \u6b21<sup>12<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"694\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.cloud500.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2698\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Sunway \u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7814\u53d1\uff0c\u8be5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u81ea 2001 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7814\u7a76 InfiniBand \u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u3002Sunway \u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5148\u540e\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86 SW-HCA \u5361\u3001SW-Switch\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 SW-IB \u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c InfiniBand \u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e IBA \u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5546\u7528\u96c6\u7fa4\u7cfb\u7edf<sup>39<\/sup>\u3002Sunway E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7b97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b 256 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002Sunway \u767e\u4ebf\u4ebf\u7ea7\u539f\u578b\u673a\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u91c7\u7528 28 Gbps \u4f20\u8f93\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u5e26\u5bbd\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 200 Gbps<sup>40<\/sup>\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684 Sunway \u9ad8\u9636\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c Sunway \u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u53cc\u8f68\u3001fat tree \u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u9896\u7684 Sunway \u6d88\u606f\u539f\u8bed\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u7ec4\u7ea7\u522b\u7c92\u5ea6\u52a8\u6001\u5207\u6362\u7684\u53cc\u8f68\u9053\u6df7\u6c8c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u6d88\u606f\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u901a\u4fe1\u6027\u80fd\u662f Sunway Taihu Light \u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u56db\u500d<sup>38, 40-42<\/sup>\u3002Sunway E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7b97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf<sup>38, 40-42<\/sup>\u91c7\u7528\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u4e24\u7ea7 fat-tree \u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u3001\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u901a\u4fe1\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u3002Dawning E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5305\u542b 512 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf 16 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u91c7\u7528 200 Gbps \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff0c\u5728 6D \u73af\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc<sup>38<\/sup>\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u53ef\u8fbe 200 Gbps\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\u5c42\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u4e92\u8054\u7ed3\u6784\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7845\u5143\u4ef6\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u662f\u7845\u5143\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\uff0c\u91c7\u7528 3D \u73af\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7845\u5143\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5149\u7ea4\u94fe\u63a5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u8df3\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5168\u5c40\u901a\u4fe1\u6027\u80fd<sup>38<\/sup>\u3002Dawning\u00a0E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e92\u8fde\u67b6\u6784\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u91c7\u7528 500 Gbps \u7f51\u7edc<sup>38<\/sup>\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e 6D \u73af\u72b6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u4e92\u8fde\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u73af\u9762\u7f51\u7edc\u8df3\u6570\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5229\u7528\u5149\u5b66\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u6280\u672f\u6784\u5efa\u5149\u7535\u6df7\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784<sup>38<\/sup>\u3002<br><strong>2.6 Bull\u00a0BXI\u00a0ICN<\/strong>Bull BXI\uff08Bull eXascale Interconnect\uff09\u662f Bull \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3 E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7b97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784<sup>15<\/sup>\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5355\u7aef\u53e3 100 Gbps\u3002Tera1000-2 \u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u4e86Bull BXI 1.2 \u4e92\u8fde\uff0c\u622a\u81f3 2021 \u5e7411 \u6708\u5728 Top500\u00a0\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c 42 \u4f4d\u3002BXI \u4e0e InfiniBand \u7684\u4e13\u6709\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u201c\u4fdd\u5e8f\u201d\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u3002BXI \u6700\u591a\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u81f3 64k \u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u5982f at-trees\u3001torus \u548c butterfly \u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8def\u7531\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b7b\u9501\u56de\u907f\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u673a\u5236\u3002\u56fe 8<sup>15<\/sup>\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 BXI \u67b6\u6784\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e24\u5c42 fat-trees \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u903b\u8f91\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"467\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.cloud500.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2699\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>BXI \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u5757 ASIC \u82af\u7247\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u82af\u7247 Lutetia \u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u82af\u7247 Divio\u3002Lutetia \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 Portals 4<sup>43,44<\/sup>\u901a\u4fe1\u539f\u8bed\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bc6\u522b\u903b\u8f91-\u7269\u7406\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u865a\u62df-\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u5bf9 Rendezvous \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u96c6\u4f53\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5378\u8f7d\u529f\u80fd\u3002Divio \u901a\u8fc7 19225 Gbps SerDes \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 48 \u4e2a HDR \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5177\u6709 200 Gbps \u7684\u53cc\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u541e\u5410\u7387\u4e3a 9.6 Tbps\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7ea6\u4e3a 130 \u7eb3\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u5f53\u524d\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u589e\u52a0\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5 Tianhe-2 \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u6027\u80fd\u4e3a 3 TFLOPs\uff0c\u800c\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e3a 112 Gbps\uff0c<strong>\u901a\u4fe1\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u80fd\u6bd4\u4e3a 0.037<\/strong>\u3002\u5728 E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7b97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 10 TFLOPs<sup>45<\/sup>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u901a\u4fe1\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bd4\u5728 0.04 \u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86 400 Gbps<sup>46<\/sup>\u3002\u5728 E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7b97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5bf9 SerDes \u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u76f4\u5f84\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u672a\u6765\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6311\u6218<sup>46<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7b97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u529f\u8017\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6210\u672c\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u4ece\u529f\u8017\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7b49\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6311\u6218\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.1. Dennard \u7f29\u653e\u6548\u5e94\u51cf\u7f13\uff0c\u4e92\u8fde\u529f\u8017\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7<\/strong><br>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u00a02000\u00a0\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\u51cf\u7f13\uff0c<strong>\u5230\u00a02018\u00a0\u5e74\uff0c\u6469\u5c14\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6\u00a015\u00a0\u500d\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd<\/strong>\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6469\u5c14\u5728 2003 \u5e74\u65f6\u6240\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u9884\u671f\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740 CMOS \u6280\u672f\u63a5\u8fd1\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5dee\u8ddd\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0cRobert Dennard \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u767b\u7eb3\u5fb7\u7f29\u51cf\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b<sup>48<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9884\u6d4b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u529f\u8017\u5c06\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u5e73\u65b9\u6beb\u7c73\u7845\u7684\u529f\u8017\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd1\u4e4e\u6052\u5b9a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e73\u65b9\u6beb\u7c73\u7845\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u90fd\u5728\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u767b\u7eb3\u5fb7\u7f29\u51cf\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5728 2007 \u5e74\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u7f13\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 2012 \u5e74\u51e0\u4e4e\u6d88\u5931\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 9 \u6240\u793a<sup>49<\/sup>\u3002\u81ea 2007 \u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f29\u653e\u6548\u5e94\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u51cf\u7f13\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 2012 \u5e74\u6bcf\u5e73\u65b9\u7eb3\u7c73\u7684\u529f\u8017\u5f00\u59cb\u8fc5\u901f\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u80fd\u8017\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4e0b\u964d<sup>50-52<\/sup>\u3002<strong>\u529f\u8017\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u82af\u7247\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1080\" height=\"537\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.cloud500.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2700\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u4f20\u8f93\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u901a\u9053\u4e32\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u9053\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7aef\u53e3\u5e26\u5bbd<sup>13<\/sup>\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u53e3\u90fd\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u9ad8\u901f SerDes\uff0c\u800c\u5355\u4e2a SerDes \u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u6027\u80fd\u5df2\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u7684 1.25 Gbps \u8fc5\u901f\u63d0\u5347\u5230 50 Gbps\u3002\u867d\u7136 SerDes \u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u82af\u7247\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u63a8\u52a8\u7740\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8<sup>52<\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1 SerDes \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u6bcf\u6bd4\u7279\u4f20\u8f93\u6240\u9700\u7684 SerDes \u529f\u8017\u4e0b\u964d\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u3002\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u4e92\u8fde\u8bba\u575b\uff08International Interconnection Forum\uff09\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3 SerDes \u901f\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u500d\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6bcf\u6bd4\u7279\u6027\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e 20%<sup>53<\/sup>\u3002\u4ee5 Tianhe \u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0cTianhe 1A \u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\u5668\u82af\u7247\u96c6\u6210\u4e86 128 \u901a\u9053\u7684 10 Gbps SerDes\uff0c\u603b\u529f\u8017\u7ea6\u4e3a 51.2 \u74e6\uff0c\u541e\u5410\u7387\u8fbe\u5230 2.56 Tbps\uff1b\u800c Tianhe 2A \u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u7531\u5668\u82af\u7247\u96c6\u6210\u4e86192 \u901a\u9053\u7684 14 Gbps SerDes\uff0c\u603b\u529f\u8017\u7ea6\u4e3a 90 \u74e6\uff0c\u82af\u7247\u7684\u603b\u529f\u8017\u7ea6\u4e3a 120 \u74e6\uff0c\u541e\u5410\u7387\u4e3a 5.376 Tbps<sup>14<\/sup>\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5355\u82af\u7247\u529f\u8017\u4e0a\u9650\u4e3a 200 \u74e6\uff0c\u800c\u5185\u90e8\u5207\u6362\u903b\u8f91\u6240\u9700\u7684\u529f\u8017\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u6301\u5728 40 \u74e6\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5219\u5355\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c6\u6210\u7684 50 Gbps SerDes \u6570\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a 160 \u4e2a\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u5355\u82af\u7247\u541e\u5410\u7387\u7ea6\u4e3a 16 Tbps\u3002\u5982\u679c SerDes \u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 100 Gbps SerDes \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728\u7ea6 80 \u4e2a\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5236\u7ea6\u82af\u7247\u541e\u5410\u7387\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8<sup>12<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u59a5\u5584\u89e3\u51b3 SerDes \u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u529f\u8017\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8282\u70b9\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u589e\u52a0\u3002SerDes \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u8017\u6076\u5316\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u5373\u5355\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u82af\u7247\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7aef\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u7684 8 \u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\u5230 16 \u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c24 \u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3<sup>14<\/sup>\uff0c36 \u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3<sup>18<\/sup>\uff0c48 \u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3<sup>6,15<\/sup>\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230 64 \u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3<sup>19<\/sup>\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8df3\u6570\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u8017\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c<strong>\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e3a 800 Gbps\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a 200 \u74e6\u7684\u82af\u7247\u9884\u7b97\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1 40 \u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/strong>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u52a0\u5267\u7535\u529b\u6d88\u8017\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.2 SerDes\u00a0\u5e26\u5bbd\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e92\u8fde\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u5927\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HDR \u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u524d E \u7ea7\u8d85\u7b97\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u5355\u901a\u9053\u901f\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230 100 Gbps NDR\u3002\u5149\u4e92\u8fde\u8bba\u575b\uff08OIF\uff09\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86 112 Gbps SerDes \u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5236\u5b9a<sup>54<\/sup>\u3002\u9ad8\u901f\u4e92\u8fde\u5df2\u5347\u7ea7\u81f3 100 Gbps\uff0c\u5e76\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u6ce2\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002NVIDIA InfiniBand \u5df2\u7ecf\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u9053\u9002\u914d\u5668 ConnectX-7 \u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a Quantum-2\uff0c\u652f\u6301 NDR InfiniBand 400 Gbps \u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f<sup>18-20<\/sup>\u3002Inphi\u3001InfiniBand\u3001Jinglue Semiconductor\u3001Guangzi Technology \u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a8\u51fa\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u53d1 112 Gbps SerDes\uff0c\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5982\u601d\u79d1\u548c\u534e\u4e3a\u5c06\u6380\u8d77\u4e00\u6ce2 800 Gbps \u7aef\u53e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5355\u901a\u9053 SerDes \u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218<sup>52<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>56 Gbps \u9ad8\u901f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u9ad8\u901f PCB \u677f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742<sup>55<\/sup>\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u82af\u7247\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ecd\u7136\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u7535\u6c14\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u80cc\u677f\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5149\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u82af\u7247\u548c\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6c14\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u7535\u963b-\u7535\u5bb9\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e32\u6270\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ae\u5c42\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u5929\u7ebf\u6548\u5e94\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u82af\u7247\u5f15\u811a\u7684\u6247\u51fa\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236<sup>55<\/sup>\u3002\u9ad8\u901f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ebf\u7684\u7ebf\u5bbd\u3001\u7ebf\u95f4\u8ddd\u3001\u5e03\u7ebf\u5c42\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u7a7f\u5b54\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u53cd\u94bb\u7b49\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0 PCB \u677f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e PCB \u5e03\u5c40\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ebf\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u5728 PCB \u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0 PCB \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u96be\u5ea6<sup>52<\/sup>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u7528\u8d28\u91cf\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684 PCB \u677f\u6216\u589e\u52a0 PCB \u5e03\u7ebf\u5c42\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u89e3\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5c06\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0 PCB \u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u672c\u6216\u964d\u4f4e PCB \u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u5e76\u4e0d\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0cSerDes \u4fe1\u53f7\u5728 PCB \u4e0a\u7684\u4e32\u6270\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u7535\u78c1\u566a\u58f0\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u53cd\u5c04\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u5c06\u964d\u4f4e\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027<sup>52<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 14 Gbps \u94fe\u8def\u901f\u7387\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8bbe\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u8bef\u7801\u7387\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 10<sup>-12<\/sup>\uff1b\u800c\u5728 25 Gbps \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u901f\u7387\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u8bbe\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u8bef\u7801\u7387\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 10<sup>-9<\/sup>\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86 3 \u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7<sup>55<\/sup>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4f4e\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7ea0\u9519\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7f16\u7801\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u5411\u7ea0\u9519\uff08FEC\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 FEC \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u82af\u7247\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e3a 100 \u7eb3\u79d2\uff1b\u800c\u4f7f\u7528 FEC \u7f16\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u589e\u52a0\u81f3 500 \u7eb3\u79d2\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u660e\u663e\u6076\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u91c7\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u957f\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u4f20\u8f93\u7684 100 Gbps \u4fe1\u53f7\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4e32\u6270\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u8870\u51cf\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5149\u4fe1\u53f7\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u6ce2\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u5149\u6ce2\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4fe1\u53f7\u5931\u771f\u6216\u65f6\u949f\u5931\u771f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4e32\u6270\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11<sup>56-58<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.3 \u968f\u7740\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u00a0SerDes\u00a0\u7aef\u53e3\u901f\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4e92\u8fde\u5de5\u7a0b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u6b63\u5728\u589e\u52a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08HPC\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20<sup>48<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u82af\u7247\u6709\u6548\u9ad8\u901f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u968f\u7740\u82af\u7247\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0d\u65ad\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u82af\u7247\u4e2d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\uff08ITRS\uff09\u9884\u6d4b<sup>59<\/sup>\uff0c<strong>2007 \u5e74\u30012015 \u5e74\u548c 2022 \u5e74\u82af\u7247 I\/O \u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u4e3a 2200\u30012800 \u548c 3420\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0cI\/O \u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7f13\u6162\u589e\u957f\u5c06\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3 I\/O \u9700\u6c42\u3002\u589e\u52a0\u5355\u4e2a\u82af\u7247\u5f15\u811a\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7f13\u89e3\u5f15\u811a\u6570\u91cf\u7f13\u6162\u589e\u957f\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a5\u53e3\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u4ece DDR2 \u5347\u7ea7\u5230 DDR4\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e26\u5bbd\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8d85\u8fc7 10 Gbps \u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5f15\u811a\u901f\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6709\u6548\u5f15\u811a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5f15\u811a\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u66f4\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u529f\u8017\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u529f\u7387\u5f15\u811a\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u53f7\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5730\u9762\uff08GND\uff09\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u901f\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5de5\u7a0b\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c<strong>\u8fd1\u51e0\u4ee3\u4ea4\u6362\u82af\u7247\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u6570\u91cf\u4ec5\u4ece 2500 \u591a\u589e\u52a0\u5230 2800 \u591a\uff0c\u4ec5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 8.6%\u3002<\/strong>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u8fdb\u4f7f I\/O \u6570\u91cf\u7565\u6709\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u9ad8\u901f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86 25%\u3002\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5355\u901a\u9053\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u610f\u5473\u7740\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u529f\u8017\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7535\u6e90\u5f15\u811a\u548c GND \u5f15\u811a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8fde\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u82af\u7247\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u5f15\u811a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53cd\u800c\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u672a\u6765\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u82af\u7247\u7aef\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u82af\u7247\u4ea4\u6362\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u8df3\u6570\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u662f PCB \u677f\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u9650\u5236 PCB \u677f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u82af\u7247\u4e2d SerDes \u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd SerDes \u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u82af\u7247\u5c01\u88c5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c PCB \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u9884\u7559 SerDes \u4fe1\u53f7<sup>12<\/sup>\u3002\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7ebf\u95f4\u8ddd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u82af\u7247\u4fe1\u53f7\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6247\u51fa\u533a\u57df\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 PCB \u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5149\u7535\u6df7\u5408\u4f20\u8f93\u6280\u672f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf<sup>56,57<\/sup>\u3002PCB \u677f\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u6210\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u3002<strong>\u7531\u4e8e\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u901a\u5e38\u5b89\u88c5\u5728 PCB \u677f\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u6216\u9762\u677f\u4e0a\u3002<\/strong>\u53d7 PCB \u677f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c<strong>\u5355\u5757 PCB \u677f\u4e0a\u53ef\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u6570\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 24 \u5757\uff0c<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u9650\u5236\u4e86 PCB \u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002<strong>\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u677f\u8f7d\u5149\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u7ea6\u4e09\u500d<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u672a\u6765\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08HPC\uff09\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u82af\u7247\u5f15\u811a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u548c PCB \u677f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u4f7f\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c\u5149\u7ea4\u7535\u7f06\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6bcf 18 \u4e2a\u6708\u7ffb\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u6700\u65e9\u5728 1975 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa<sup>60<\/sup>\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728 2000 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\u653e\u7f13\uff0c\u5230 2018 \u5e74\uff0c\u6469\u5c14\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u7ea6 15 \u500d\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff1b\u6469\u5c14\u5728 2003 \u5e74\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9884\u671f\u662f\u968f\u7740 CMOS \u6280\u672f\u63a5\u8fd1\u57fa\u672c\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u8ddd\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u5927<sup>47<\/sup>\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0cSerDes \u7aef\u53e3\u901f\u7387\u6bcf 3 \u5230 4 \u5e74\u7ffb\u4e00\u756a<sup>56<\/sup>\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u901f\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5927\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u5168\u5c40\u5747\u8861\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u901a\u4fe1\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c<strong>\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u603b\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u589e\u52a0<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<strong>Tianhe 2A \u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9700\u8981 125 \u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u67dc\u548c 13 \u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\u67dc\uff1bSunway \u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9700\u8981 48 \u4e2a\u673a\u67dc\u548c 8 \u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\u67dc\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u67dc\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u67dc\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u74f6\u9888<sup>21<\/sup>\u3002<strong>\u5982\u679c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u4fe1\u67dc\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u67dc\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5448\u73b0\u56db\u4e2a\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7387\u5148\u4ee5 100 Gbps \u7684\u7ebf\u901f\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e92\u8fde\u901a\u4fe1\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4e92\u8fde\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u65ad\u878d\u5408\u5e76\u6df1\u5316\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u534f\u8bae\u7f51\u7edc\u878d\u5408\u67b6\u6784\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u82af\u7247\u7ec4\u7684\u5149\u7535\u5171\u6a21\u96c6\u6210\u5c01\u88c5\u6b63\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u6765\u81ea\u7269\u7406\u6781\u9650\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u538b\u529b<sup>47<\/sup>\u3002\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u7845\u5149\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u66ff\u4ee3\u7845\u57fa\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53<sup>57<\/sup>\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u57fa\u7840\u524d\u6cbf\u6280\u672f\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7a81\u7834<sup>53<\/sup>\u3002\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u8ba1\u5212\u4ece\u201cMore Moore<sup>47<\/sup>\u201d\u3001\u201cMore than Moore<sup>47<\/sup>\u201d\u548c\u201cBeyond CMOS<sup>55<\/sup>\u201d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u62d3\u5c55\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u96c6\u6210\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u3001\u65b0\u5668\u4ef6\u7b49<sup>53<\/sup>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u63a2\u7d22\u6280\u672f\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u672a\u6765\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8d85\u9ad8\u901f\u3001\u8d85\u4f4e\u65f6\u5ef6\u3001\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3001\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b0\u578b\u667a\u80fd\u96c6\u6210\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.1\u00a0\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u4e92\u8fde\u96c6\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u878d\u5408\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u96c6\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMore Moore<sup>47<\/sup>\u201d\u6d89\u53ca\u7ee7\u7eed\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u51cf\u5c0f\u6570\u5b57\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f18\u5316\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u529f\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u82af\u7247\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u5904\u7406\u5668\/\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u6027\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fc5\u901f\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u6280\u672f\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u82af\u7247\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u901a\u8fc7 PCIe \u4e92\u8fde\u5b9e\u73b0 I\/O \u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 PCIe \u63a5\u53e3\u4e24\u6b21\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u800c\u00a0<strong>PCIe \u901a\u4fe1\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5360\u603b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5f88\u5927\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u5360\u603b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684 66%\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u9274\u4e8e PCIe \u7684 I\/O \u4e92\u8fde\u548c\u677e\u6563\u8026\u5408\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5e76\u6ee1\u8db3\u5373\u65f6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u53d8\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c<strong>\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u57df\u4e2d\u652f\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4f7f\u7528 PCIe \u7684 I\/O \u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c0f\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/strong>\u968f\u7740 5G\u3001\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u90fd\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668 CPU \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u5904\u7406 10 Gbps \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea6 4 \u5757 Xeon CPU \u6838\u3002\u4ec5\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5360\u7528 8 \u6838\u9ad8\u7aef CPU \u7684\u4e00\u534a\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u5728 100 Gbps \u9ad8\u901f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5904\u7406 40 Gbps \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u52a0\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u96c6\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8ba1\u7b97\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u672c\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668 CPU \u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6574\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5361\uff08SmartNIC\uff09\u6280\u672f\u3002<strong>SmartNIC \u80fd\u591f\u5378\u8f7d\u670d\u52a1\u5668 CPU \u5904\u7406\u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u670d\u52a1\u5668 CPU \u80fd\u591f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u82af\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u3001\u805a\u5408\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u6df1\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u5305\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u590d\u6742\u8def\u7531\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u8f7b\u670d\u52a1\u5668 CPU \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u82af\u7247\u95f4\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u53e3\u66ff\u4ee3 PCIe\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u8282\u70b9\u4efb\u52a1\u5378\u8f7d\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u548c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u968f\u7740 HPC\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u548c AI \u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u878d\u5408\u662f\u672a\u6765\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u652f\u6301 RoCE\uff08\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684 RDMA\uff09\u3001iWARP \u7b49\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u878d\u5165 HPC \u9ad8\u901f\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c AI \u8ba1\u7b97\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u91c7\u7528 InfiniBand EoIB \u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8fdb\u884c\u878d\u5408<sup>18-20<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NVIDIA \u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6574\u5408 InfiniBand \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u6b3e\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u96c6\u6210\u82af\u7247\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5176\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u5757\u7ea7\u52a0\u5bc6\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u68c0\u7d22\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u652f\u6301\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u51cf\u8f7b CPU \u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u7b26\u5408\u8054\u90a6\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5bf9\u81ea\u52a0\u5bc6\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u901a\u4fe1\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u805a\u5408\u548c\u5f52\u7ea6\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ece\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6700\u82db\u523b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8981\u6c42\u3002InfiniBand \u7684 Harrier \u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u4e8e HPC \u4e92\u8fde\uff0c\u96c6\u6210\u4e86 PCle \u7f51\u7edc\u3001100 G \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ee5\u53ca\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u3002PLX \u6700\u521d\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e PCle Switch\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a PCle \u7684 PCle \u7f51\u7edc<sup>66,67<\/sup>\u3002Cray \u7684\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3 Slingshot \u4e92\u8fde\u91c7\u7528\u201cHPC \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u201d\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u878d\u5408\u3002\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u652f\u6301\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u5806\u6808\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u56fd\u9645\u9ad8\u901f\u4e92\u8fde\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.2\u00a0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5149\u7535\u878d\u5408\u548c\u82af\u7247\u7ec4\u7684\u00a0D-System\u00a0\u96c6\u6210\u5c01\u88c5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMore than Moore<sup>47<\/sup>\u201d\u6d89\u53ca\u6539\u8fdb\u82af\u7247\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5806\u53e0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7535\u8def\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u5316\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6784\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u4f9d\u9760\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u96c6\u6210\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u82af\u7247\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u82af\u7247\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6269\u5927\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5149\u4e92\u8fde\u5df2\u7ecf\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5149\u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u677f\u7ea7\u548c\u82af\u7247\u5c01\u88c5\u7ea7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5149\u7535\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u6280\u672f\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u82af\u7247\u96c6\u6210\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e92\u8fde\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u52a8\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u56fd\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u82af\u7247\u7ec4\u7684 2.5D \u96c6\u6210\u5c01\u88c5\u4e5f\u662f\u672a\u6765\u82af\u7247\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002EPI \u9996\u6b3e CPU \u539f\u578b EPAC 1.0 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u82af\u7247\u4e8e 2021 \u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u91c7\u7528 RISC-V \u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e 22 \u7eb3\u7c73\u5de5\u827a<sup>69<\/sup>\u3002\u5728 EPI\uff08\u6b27\u6d32\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5021\u8bae\uff09\u9879\u76ee\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u56db\u4e2a VPUs\uff08\u77e2\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca EXTOLL \u8d85\u9ad8\u901f\u7f51\u7edc\u82af\u7247\u548c SerDes \u4e92\u8fde\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u82af\u7247\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u88ab\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u82af\u7247\u7ec4\u3002\u91c7\u7528 ARM \u67b6\u6784\u7684 RHEA SoC \u5c06\u5305\u542b 72 \u4e2a Arm Neoverse Zeus \u5185\u6838\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7f51\u683c\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c2.5D \u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u96c6\u6210 HBM \u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 TSMC \u7684 6 \u7eb3\u7c73\u5de5\u827a\u5236\u9020\u3002\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5982 Ayar Labs\u3001Rockley\u3001RA-NOVUS\u3001Sicoya\u3001Leti \u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7845\u5149\u5b50\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63a8\u52a8\u7740\u7845\u57fa\u5149\u7535\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.3 \u8d85\u8d8a CMOS\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u65b0\u5668\u4ef6\u548c\u65b0\u6750\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBeyond CMOS<sup>53<\/sup>\u201d\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u65b0\u539f\u7406\u3001\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u548c\u65b0\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5668\u4ef6\u548c\u7535\u8def\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u7eb3\u7c73\u3001\u4e9a\u7eb3\u7c73\u548c\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u5668\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u660e\u548c\u7b80\u5316\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a CMOS \u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u672a\u6765\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5149\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u7528\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u66ff\u4ee3\u7845\u57fa\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5149\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u8d85\u5bfc\u8ba1\u7b97\u539f\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u8bbe\u5907\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a Dawning \u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u6539\u9769\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411<sup>53<\/sup>\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5149\u4fe1\u53f7\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u6027\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u6027\u3002\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5149\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u529f\u8017\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5355\u7247\u5149\u5b66\u77e9\u9635\u8ba1\u7b97\u82af\u7247\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u6bcf\u79d2 2 pb \u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u529f\u8017\u4ec5\u4e3a\u51e0\u5341\u74e6\u7279<sup>58<\/sup>\u3002\u5355\u82af\u7247\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u5668\u4ef6\u5448\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u5c42\u9762\u6784\u5efa\u5149\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u529f\u8017\u662f\u9650\u5236\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e3b\u9891\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20<sup>61<\/sup>\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9891\u7387\u666e\u904d\u4f4e\u4e8e 5 GHz\uff0c\u8fd9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u800c\u8d85\u5bfc\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u5229\u7528\u6750\u6599\u63a5\u8fd1\u7edd\u5bf9\u96f6\u5ea6\u65f6\u7684\u65e0\u7535\u963b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u635f\u8017\u548c\u70ed\u91cf\u3002\u529f\u8017\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9891\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u9650\u5236\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d85\u5bfc\u8bbe\u5907\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u9891\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 50 GHz \u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8d85\u5bfc\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u540c\u65f6\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u529f\u8017\u548c\u6563\u70ed\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u5c06\u4f7f\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u80fd\u6548\u6bd4\u63d0\u9ad8 100 \u500d<sup>53<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u7845\u57fa CMOS 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\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u516d\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u8d44\u91d1\u6700\u5145\u88d5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a<sup>73<\/sup>\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5355\u7247 3D \u96c6\u6210\u6280\u672f\u5728 90 \u7eb3\u7c73\u5de5\u827a\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0 7 \u7eb3\u7c73\u82af\u7247\u7684\u80fd\u6548\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f7f\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u529f\u8017\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u63d0\u9ad8 50 \u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0cCNFET \u7684\u80fd\u6548\u7ea6\u662f\u7845\u7684 10 \u500d\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u6bd4\u7845\u5feb\u3002\u4ece\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u770b\uff0cCNFET \u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7845\u57fa\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u3002CNFET \u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6392\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf MOSFET \u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u7845\u57fa\u901a\u9053\u3002\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u7845\u7684 CMOS \u6280\u672f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cCNFET \u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6548\u7387\u548c\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u80fd\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86 10 \u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u5236\u9020\u53ef\u5728 400\u2103 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u7684\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u901a\u9053\u63a7\u5236<sup>68<\/sup>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u78b3\u57fa\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u82af\u7247\u7814\u7a76\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4e3a\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. 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